新媒体营销的外文文献

1、新媒体的外文文献求高人帮我搜一篇关于新媒体、传统媒体双赢融合的外文文献，感谢鸟！！！！！急求啊！

你可以用英文搜狗一下，有可能有的
new media and traditional media

2、求与【广告】有关的论文及其外文翻译，高分啊

Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of proct or service. “While now central to the contemporary global economy and the reproction of global proction networks, it is only quite recently that advertising has been more than a marginal influence on patterns of sales and proction. The formation of modern advertising was intimately bound up with the emergence of new forms of monopoly capitalism around the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century as one element in corporate strategies to create, organize and where possible control markets, especially for mass proced consumer goods. Mass proction necessitated mass consumption, and this in turn required a certain homogenization of consumer tastes for final procts. At its limit, this involved seeking to create ‘world cultural convergence’, to homogenize consumer tastes and engineer a ‘convergence of lifestyle, culture and behaviors among consumer segments across the world’.” [1]

Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those procts and services through the creation and reinvention of the "brand image" . For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.[citation needed]

Organizations that frequently spend large sums of money on advertising that sells what is not, strictly speaking, a proct or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations, and military recruiters. Non-profit organizations are not typical advertising clients, and may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as public service announcements.[citation needed]

Money spent on advertising has increased dramatically in recent years. In 2007, spending on advertising has been estimated at over $150 billion in the United States[2] and $385 billion worldwide,[3] and the latter to exceed $450 billion by 2010.

While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs. Unsolicited Commercial Email and other forms of spam have become so prevalent as to have become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on internet service providers.[4] Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation.[5]

Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Mobile billboard advertising
1.2 Public service advertising
2 Types of advertising
2.1 Media
2.1.1 Covert advertising
2.1.2 Television commercials
2.1.3 Infomercials
2.1.4 Celebrities
2.1.5 Media and advertising approaches
3 Criticism of advertising
3.1 Hyper-commercialism and the commercial tidal wave
3.2 Advertising and constitutional rights
3.3 The price of attention and hidden costs
3.4 Influencing and conditioning
3.5 Dependency of the media and corporate censorship
3.6 The commercialisation of culture and sports
3.7 Occupation and commercialisation of public space
3.8 Socio-cultural aspects, sexism, discrimination and stereotyping
3.9 Children and adolescents as target groups
3.10 Opposition and campaigns against advertising
3.11 Taxation as revenue and control
4 Regulation
5 Future
5.1 Global advertising
5.2 Trends
6 Advertising research
7 See also
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links

[edit] History
Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indian rock art paintings that date back to 4000 BCE.[6]

As the towns and cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and the general populace was unable to read, signs that today would say cobbler, miller, tailor or blacksmith would use an image associated with their trade such as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a horse shoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables were sold in the city square from the backs of carts and wagons and their proprietors used street callers or town criers to announce their whereabouts for the convenience of the customers.

As ecation became an apparent need and reading, as well printing developed, advertising expanded to include handbills. In the 17th century advertisements started to appear in weekly newspapers in England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable with advances in the printing press; and medicines, which were increasingly sought after as disease ravaged Europe. However, false advertising and so-called "quack" advertisements became a problem, which ushered in the regulation of advertising content.

Edo period advertising flyer from 1806 for a traditional medicine called KinseitanAs the economy expanded ring the 19th century, advertising grew alongside. In the United States, the success of this advertising format eventually led to the growth of mail-order advertising.

In June 1836, French newspaper La Presse is the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its profitability and the formula was soon copied by all titles. Around 1840, Volney Palmer established a predecessor to advertising agencies in Boston.[7] Around the same time, in France, Charles-Louis Havas extended the services of his news agency, Havas to include advertisement brokerage, making it the first French group to organize. At first, agencies were brokers for advertisement space in newspapers. N. W. Ayer & Son was the first full-service agency to assume responsibility for advertising content. N.W. Ayer opened in 1869, and was located in Philadelphia.[7]

At the turn of the century, there were few career choices for women in business; however, advertising was one of the few. Since women were responsible for most of the purchasing done in their household, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of women's insight ring the creative process. In fact, the first American advertising to use a sexual sell was created by a woman – for a soap proct. Although tame by today's standards, the advertisement featured a couple with the message "The skin you love to touch".[8]

A print advertisement for the 1913 issue of the Encyclopædia BritannicaIn the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers and retailers who offered programs in order to sell more radios to consumers. As time passed, many non-profit organizations followed suit in setting up their own radio stations, and included: schools, clubs and civic groups.[9] When the practice of sponsoring programs was popularised, each indivial radio program was usually sponsored by a single business in exchange for a brief mention of the business' name at the beginning and end of the sponsored shows. However, radio station owners soon realised they could earn more money by selling sponsorship rights in small time allocations to multiple businesses throughout their radio station's broadcasts, rather than selling the sponsorship rights to single businesses per show.

This practice was carried over to television in the late 1940s and early 1950s. A fierce battle was fought between those seeking to commercialise the radio and people who argued that the radio spectrum should be considered a part of the commons – to be used only non-commercially and for the public good. The United Kingdom pursued a public funding model for the BBC, originally a private company, the British Broadcasting Company, but incorporated as a public body by Royal Charter in 1927. In Canada, advocates like Graham Spry were likewise able to persuade the federal government to adopt a public funding model, creating the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. However, in the United States, the capitalist model prevailed with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934 which created the Federal Communications Commission.[9] To placate the socialists, the U.S. Congress did require commercial broadcasters to operate in the "public interest, convenience, and necessity".[10] Public broadcasting now exists in the United States e to the 1967 Public Broadcasting Act which led to the Public Broadcasting Service and National Public Radio.

In the early 1950s, the DuMont Television Network began the modern trend of selling advertisement time to multiple sponsors. Previously, DuMont had trouble finding sponsors for many of their programs and compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This eventually became the standard for the commercial television instry in the United States. However, it was still a common practice to have single sponsor shows, such as The United States Steel Hour. In some instances the sponsors exercised great control over the content of the show - up to and including having one's advertising agency actually writing the show. The single sponsor model is much less prevalent now, a notable exception being the Hallmark Hall of Fame.

The 1960s saw advertising transform into a modern approach in which creativity was allowed to shine, procing unexpected messages that made advertisements more tempting to consumers' eyes. The Volkswagen ad campaign—featuring such headlines as "Think Small" and "Lemon" (which were used to describe the appearance of the car)—ushered in the era of modern advertising by promoting a "position" or "unique selling proposition" designed to associate each brand with a specific idea in the reader or viewer's mind. This period of American advertising is called the Creative Revolution and its archetype was William Bernbach who helped create the revolutionary Volkswagen ads among others. Some of the most creative and long-standing American advertising dates to this period.

Public advertising on Times Square, New York City.The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the introction of cable television and particularly MTV. Pioneering the concept of the music video, MTV ushered in a new type of advertising: the consumer tunes in for the advertising message, rather than it being a by-proct or afterthought. As cable and satellite television became increasingly prevalent, specialty channels emerged, including channels entirely devoted to advertising, such as QVC, Home Shopping Network, and ShopTV Canada.

Marketing through the Internet opened new frontiers for advertisers and contributed to the "dot-com" boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue, offering everything from coupons to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, a number of websites including the search engine Google, started a change in online advertising by emphasizing contextually relevant, unobtrusive ads intended to help, rather than inundate, users. This has led to a plethora of similar efforts and an increasing trend of interactive advertising.

The share of advertising spending relative to GDP has changed little across large changes in media. For example, in the U.S. in 1925, the main advertising media were newspapers, magazines, signs on streetcars, and outdoor posters. Advertising spending as a share of GDP was about 2.9 percent. By 1998, television and radio had become major advertising media. Nonetheless, advertising spending as a share of GDP was slightly lower—about 2.4 percent.[11]

A recent advertising innovation is "guerrilla marketing", which involve unusual approaches such as staged encounters in public places, giveaways of procts such as cars that are covered with brand messages, and interactive advertising where the viewer can respond to become part of the advertising message. This reflects an increasing trend of interactive and "embedded" ads, such as via proct placement, having consumers vote through text messages, and various innovations utilizing social network services such as MySpace.

[edit] Mobile billboard advertising

The RedEye newspaper advertised to its target market at North Avenue Beach with a sailboat billboard on Lake Michigan.Mobile billboards are truck- or blimp-mounted billboards or digital screens. These can be dedicated vehicles built solely for carrying advertisements along routes preselected by clients, or they can be specially-equipped cargo trucks. The billboards are often lighted; some being backlit, and others employing spotlights. Some billboard displays are static, while others change; for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set of advertisements.

Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:

Target advertising
One-day, and long-term campaigns
Conventions
Sporting events
Store openings and similar promotional events
Big advertisements from smaller companies
Others

[edit] Public service advertising
The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, ecate and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy conservation, religious recruitment, and deforestation.

Advertising, in its non-commercial guise, is a powerful ecational tool capable of reaching and motivating large audiences. "Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest - it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes." - Attributed to Howard Gossage by David Ogilvy.

Public service advertising, non-commercial advertising, public interest advertising, cause marketing, and social marketing are different terms for (or aspects of) the use of sophisticated advertising and marketing communications techniques (generally associated with commercial enterprise) on behalf of non-commercial, public interest issues and initiatives.

In the United States, the granting of television and radio licenses by the FCC is contingent upon the station broadcasting a certain amount of public service advertising. To meet these requirements, many broadcast stations in America air the bulk of their required public service announcements ring the late night or early morning when the smallest percentage of viewers are watching, leaving more day and prime time commercial slots available for high-paying advertisers.

Public service advertising reached its height ring World Wars I and II under the direction of several governments.

3、高分求5篇新媒体英语文献

1. Atton, Chris "Reshaping Social Movement Media for a New Millennium." Social Movement Studies, 2, (2003)
2. Volkmer, Ingrid (1999) News in the Global Sphere. A Study of CNN and its impact on Global Communication, Luton: University of Luton Press.
3. Durham, M & Kellner, Douglas (2001) Media and Cultural Studies Keyworks, Malden, Ma and Oxford, UK, Blackwell Publishing
4. Lister, Martin, Dovey, Jon, Giddings, Seth. Grant, Iain. & Kelly, Kieran (2003) "New Media: A Critical Introction", London, Routledge
5. Manovich, Lev (2001) 'The Language of New Media' MIT Press, Cambridge and London
6. Schorr,A & Schenk,M & Campbell,W (2003),Communication Research and Media Science in Europe, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, pg. 57

4、市场营销英文文献翻译成中文3000字

一、服务营销。

现代经济发展的一个显著特征是服务业的蓬勃发展，其在国民经济中的地位愈来愈重要，服务营销的重要性日益突出，中国已经加入WTO ,外资企业纷纷抢滩中国，中外服务市场营销大战将出现白热化的态势。现实经济生活中的服务可以区分为两大类。一种是服务产品，产品为顾客创造和提供的核心利益主要来自无形的服务。另一种是功能服务，产品的核心利益主要来自形成的成分，无形的服务只是满足顾客的非主要需求。贝瑞认为，在产品的核心利益来源中，有形的成分比无形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“商品”（有形产品） ;如果无形的成分比有形的成分要多，那么这个产品就可以看作是一种“服务”。与服务的这种区分相一致，服务营销的研究形成了两大领域，即服务产品的营销和顾客服务营销。服务产品营销的本质是研究如何促进作为产品的服务的交换；顾客服务营销的本质则是研究如何利用服务作为一种营销工具促进有形产品的交换。但是，无论是服务产品营销，还是顾客服务营销，服务营销的核心理念都是顾客满意和顾客忠诚，通过取得顾客的满意和忠诚来促进相互有利的交换，最终实现营销绩效的改进和企业的长期成长。

First, services marketing.

Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.

二、网络营销。

互联网络是一种利用通讯线路，将全球电脑纳入国际联网的信息传送系统必将是未来市场营销最重要的渠道。网络营销的特性包括；可24 小时随时随地地提供全球性营销服务；电脑可储存大量的信息，代消费者查询，可传送的信息数量与精确度，远超过其他媒体；能因应市场需求，及时更新产品或调整价格；减少印刷与邮递成本；且无店面租金，节约水电与人工成本；可避免推销员强势推销的干扰；可经由信息提供与互动交谈，与消费者建立长期良好的关系。互联网络是一种功能最强大的营销工具，它同时兼具渠道、促销、电子交易、互动顾客服务以及市场信息分析与提供的多种功能。

它以声光互动沟通的特质，作为跨越时空的媒体，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具备的一对一营销能力，正是符合[ 分众营销]与[ 直效营销]的未来趋势。 网络营销可视为一种新兴的营销渠道，它并非一定要取代传统的渠道，而是经由信息科技发展，来创新与重组营销渠道。但不可否认的是，网络营销必然会给传统营销造成冲击，因此商业界必须要注意这种趋势，并与软件产业作密切的联系与合作。以广告业为例，在最新媒体时代，销售是从开始到完成的一贯作业，就是说由吸引注意、引发兴趣、造成购买欲、进行采购，一气而成，而广告公司将参与营销的全程。商业企业也有必要改变传统的组织形态，提升新媒体部门的功能，引进兼具营销素养与电脑科技的人才，未来才能具备市场的竞争优势。
Second, network marketing.

Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.

It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.

Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、绿色营销。

所谓“绿色营销”，是指社会和企业在充分意识到消费者日益提高的环保意识和由此产生的对清洁型无公害产品需要的基础上，发现、创造并选择市场机会，通过一系列理性化的营销手段来满足消费者以及社会生态环境发展的需要，实现可持续发展的过程。绿色营销的核心是按照环保与生态原则来选择和确定营销组合的策略，是建立在绿色技术、绿色市场和绿色经济基础上的、对人类的生态关注给予回应的一种经营方式。目前，西方发达国家对于绿色产品的需求非常广泛，而发展中国家由于资金和消费导向上和消费质量等原因，还无法真正实现对所有消费需求的绿化。以我国为例，目前只能对部分食品、家电产品、通讯产品等进行部分绿化；而发达国家已经通过各种途径和手段，包括立法等，来推行和实现全部产品的绿色消费。从而培养了极为广泛的市场需求基础，为绿色营销活动的开展打下了坚实的根基。以绿色食品为例，英国、德国绿色食品的需求完全不能自给，英国每年要进口该食品消费总量的80% ,德国则高达98%。这表明，绿色产品的市场潜力非常巨大，市场需求非常广泛。

绿色营销只是适应二十一世纪的消费需求而产生的一种新型营销理念，也就是说，绿色营销还不可能脱离原有的营销理论基础。因此，绿色营销模式的制定和方案的选择及相关资源的整合还无法也不能脱离原有的营销理论基础，可以说绿色营销是在人们追求健康、安全、环保的意识形态下所发展起来的新的营销方式和方法。现代企业只有树立起一种全新的可持续发展营销的经营理念，努力开展绿色营销，开发绿色产品，进行绿色生产，才能和可持续发展潮流相适应。同时，企业还可进一步“导向消费者”，促成可持续消费模式的全面建立和实现，承担起促进社会发展和生态环境发展的责任和义务，使企业的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益相统一。

Third, green marketing.

The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.

Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .

5、求助，急需关于传统媒体与新媒体的外文文献，可以是纸媒，也可以是新媒体相关即可，最好中英文，多谢~

外文文献有，翻译没有，翻译得靠你自己了，如果需要直接百度Hi中留言同时贴出问题的链接地址和邮箱地址即可，希望能满足你的需要，能帮到你，并请及时知道评价，多多给点悬赏分吧，急用的话请多选赏点分吧，这样更多的知友才会及时帮到你，我找到也是很花时间的，并请及时采纳

6、有大神知道新媒体运营这个职位的英文翻译是什么么

new media operation 新媒体运营
new media operation manager 新媒体运营经理