sem文献

1、SCI中：统计软件SPSS中SEM标准误的问题（一组只有列一个标准误，怎么得到的？）

一个P值是指在ANOVA分析表格中给出的“显著性”，如图1中的0.278. 一个SEM值指得是在第一个“描述”表中给出的总数的标准误，如图2中的0.744。

2、为什么看文献里纳米棒的SEM和TEM都那么纯，我做的却是什么形貌都有

可能有几个原因：
1，大家的制备方法不一样，导致形貌的整齐性不一样。
2，实验的参数条件不一样导致形貌不同。
3，文献里的图片可能只是截取了整齐的那一部分作为图片，并不是全局的图片

3、sem什么意思

4、请指教SE, SEM和Pooled SEM的区别？

富海360定义
一套聚合营销与管理解决方案，专注于单点深度营销+多点覆盖营销，包含标准化SEO网站营销、多展厅SEM覆盖营销、站长联盟营销、企业联盟营销、邮件营销、微博营销、软文营销（品牌公关，危机处理）、行业平台营销、CRM管理系统、企业内部管理系统等中小企业综合信息化服务的全服务链。
富海360普及版功能
1、富海SEO网站营销系统
2、富海SEM覆盖营销系统
3、富海邮件营销系统
4、富海微赢通营销系统
5、富海查询系统

5、论文数据不够，能不能引用自己之前论文的sem图

请教：写论文引用别人论文里的数据图形，要向作者取得同意还是出版刊物取得同意，具体怎么操作啊？非常感谢！ 也想知道，楼下知道的请回答amethyst70(站内联系TA)有人知道怎么处理吗，！sandy03(站内联系TA)我也想知道。。。。。hyw166_0(站内联系TA)我有篇文章就是重新画了张类似的图片，然后后面引用after ***komekome(站内联系TA)Originally posted by amethyst70 at 2009-7-8 16:04:你画一个类似的数据是他的,图是你的,然后给文献都是这么操作的不用同意因为是公开的数据的:mad:tibetnamco(站内联系TA)论文发表是学术交流的一种，一般不用这个征求同意过程。只要正确标注引用即可。但是在出版著作（即涉及可能有经济利益，因为书肯定有稿费）之时，按照国际惯例，要征求作者或的同意，一般作者或都会无条件同意你的引用的，尤其是你写的是教材或学术专著一类。当然，在国内，这种著作权转让程序几乎都是虚设。老外也是见怪不怪，除非是涉及技术或产业领域，要是较真起来，还是可能吃官司的。

6、参考文献

[1]谷树忠,胡咏君,周洪.生态文明建设的科学内涵与基本路径.资源科学，，35(1): 2～13.

[2]Daniel deB.,Jr.Richter,Mobley M.L.Monitoring earth’s critical zone.Science.2009，326(20): 1067—1068.

[3]National Research Council.New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences.Washington DC: National Academy Press.2012，1—117.

[4]Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,National Research Council.Basic research opportunities in earth sciences.Washington DC: National Academy Press.2001，1—154.

[5]张波,曲建升,丁永建.国际临界带研究发展回顾与美国临界带研究进展介绍.世界科技研究与发展，2010，32(5): 723～728.

[6]Brantley S.L.,Goldhaber M.B.,Ragnarsdottir K.V.Crossing disciplines and scales to understand the critical zone.Elements.2007，3: 3–7—314.

[7]Brantley S.L.,White T.S.,White A.F.et al.Frontiers in exploration of the Critical Zone: Report of a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation(NSF),October 24–26,2005,Dewark,DE.2006，1—30.

[8]European Commission.Thematic strategy for soil protection.COM(2006)231,Commission of the European Communities,Brussels.2006，1—12.

[9]Lin H.Earth’s critical zone and hydropedology: concepts,characteristics,and advances.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.2010，14: 25—45.

[10]Wilkinson B.H.Humans as geologic agents: A deeptime perspective.Geology.2005，33(3): 161—164.

[11]Lin H.S.,Bouma J.,Wilding L.et al.Advances in hydropedology.Advances in Agronomy.2005，85: 1—89.

[12]Bell S.Landscape: patterns,perception and process.E＆FN Spon,Taylor ＆ Francis Group,London,UK.1999，1—337.

[13]徐芝英,胡云锋,刘越,等.空间尺度转换数据精度评价的准则和方法.地理科学进展，2012，31(12):1574～1582.

[14]Schaetzl R.J.,Anderson S.Soils: genesis and geomorphology.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,UK.2005，1—821.

[15]杨建锋,万书勤,邓伟,等.地下水浅埋条件下包气带水和溶质运移数值模拟研究述评.农业工程学报.2005，21(6): 158～165.

[16]Salama R.B.,Otto C.J.,Fitzpatrick R.W.Contributions of groundwater conditions to soil and water salinization.Hydrogeology Journal.1999，7: 46—64

[17]Valenza A.,Grillot J.C.,Dazy J.Influence of groundwater on the degradation of irrigated soils in a semi-arid region,the inner delta of the Niger River,Mali.Hydrogeology Journal.2000，8: 417—429

[18]赵文智,程国栋.干旱区生态水文过程研究若干问题评述.科学通报，2001，46(22): 1851～1857.

[19]Sinke A.J.C.,Dury O.,Zobrist.Effects of a fluctuating water table: column study on redox dynamics and fate of some organic pollutants.Journal of Contaminant Hydrology.1998，33: 231—246

[20]Ness B.,Anderberg S.,Olsson L.Structuring problems in sustainability science: The multi-level DPSIR framework.Geoforum.2010，41(3): 479—488.

[21]Burkett V.R.,Taylor L.L.,Belnap J.,et al.U.S.Geological Survey climate and land use change science strategy——A framework for understanding and responding to global change.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1383–A.2013，1—43.

[22]Banwart S.,Menon M.,Bernasconi S.M.,et al.Soil processes and functions across an international network of Critical Zone Observatories: Introction to experimental methods and initial results.C.R.Geoscience.2012，344:758—772.

[23]Evenson E.J.,Orndorff R.C.,Blome C.D.,et al.U.S.Geological Survey water science strategy—Observing,understanding,predicting,and delivering water science to the Nation.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1383–G.2013，1—49.

[24]Narasimhan T.N.Hydrogeology in North America: past and future.Hydrogeology Journal.2005，13: 7—24.

[25]Bohlen S.R.,Halley R.B.,Hickman S.H.,et al.Geology for a changing world——a science strategy for the Geologic Division of the U.S.Geological Survey,2000–2010.U.S.Geological Survey circular 2008，1172.

[26]Befus K.M.,Sheehan A.F.,Leopold M.,et al.Seismic constraints on critical zone architecture,Boulder Creek watershed,Front Range,Colorado.Vadose Zone Journal.2011，10: 915—927.

[27]Bristol R.S.,Euliss N.H.,Booth N.L.,et al.Science strategy for Core Science Systems in the U.S.Geological Survey,2013–2023.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1093.2012，1—29.

[28]Holmes R.R.,Jr.Jones L.M.,Eidenshink J.C.,et al.Natural hazards science strategy: U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1088.2012，1—75.

[29]COM(2006)231.Thematic strategy for soil protection.Communication from the Commission to the Council,the European Parliament,the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.2006，1—12.

[30]Banwart S.,Bernasconi S.M.,Bloem J.,et al.Soil processes and functions in critical zone observatories: hypotheses and experimental design.Vadose Zone Journal.2011，10: 974—987.

[31]Anderson S.P.,Anderson R.S.,Hinckley E.S.,et al.Exploring weathering and regolith transport controls on Critical Zone development with models and natural experiments.Applied Geochemistry.2011，26: 53—55.

[32]Anderson S.P.,von Blanckenburg F.,White A.F.Physical and chemical controls on the Critical Zone.Elements.2007，3: 315—319.

[33]Amundson R.,Richter D.D.,Humphreys G.S.,et al.Coupling between biota and earth materials in the Critical Zone.Elements.2007，3: 327—332.

[34]Anderson S.P.,Bales R.C.,Duffy C.J.Critical zone observatories: building a network to advance interdisciplinary study of earth surface processes.Mineralogical Magazine 2008，72(1): 7—10.

[35]Chorover J.,Scatena F.N.,White T.,et al.Common Critical Zone Observatory Infrastructure and Measurements.A Guide Prepared By CZO PIs,September 27,2012.1—2.

[36]Zacharias S.,Bogena H.,Samaniego L.,et al.A network of terrestrial environmental observatories in Germany.Vadose Zone Journal.2011，10: 955—973.

[37]Banwart S.Save our soils.Nature.2011，474: 151—152.

[38]Lin H.,Jan W.Hopmans D.deB.Richer.Interdisciplinary sciences in a global network of critical zone observatories.Vadose Zone Journal.2011，10: 781—785.

[39]Wang J.G.,Leung C.F.,Chow Y.K.Numerical solutions for flow in porous media.International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics.2003，27: 565—583.

[40]Xu L.,Wang Y.,Yu P.,et al.Hydrological impacts of afforestation: a case study based on simulation of TOPOG in the small watershed of Caogou in Liupan mountains,China.Journal of Resources and Ecology.2010，1(3): 202—210.

[41]Kim S.,Lee H.,Park J.Simulation of seawater intrusion range in coastal aquifer using the FEMWATER model for disaster Information.Marine Georesources ＆ Geotechnology.2012，30(3): 210—221.

[42]Lin H.Linking principles of soil formation and flow regimes.Journal of Hydrology.2010，393: 3—19.

[43]杨大文,雷慧闽,丛振涛.流域水文过程与植被相互作用研究现状评述.水利学报.2010，41(10): 1142～1149.

[44]陈腊娇,朱阿兴,秦承志,等.流域生态水文模型研究进展.地理科学进展.2011，30(5): 535～544.

[45]Ivanov V,Y.,Bras R.L.,Vivoni E.R.Vegetation-hydrology dynamics in complex terrain of semiarid areas: 1.A mechanistic approach to modeling dynamic feedbacks.Water Resources Research.2008，44: W03429.

[46]Rabbitt M.C.The United States Geological Survey: 1879–1989.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1050.1989，1—52.

[47]U.S.Geological Survey.Facing tomorrow’s challenges—U.S.Geological Survey science in the decade 2007–2017.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1309,2007，1—70.

[48]Craghan M.The study of human action in the physical environment.Physical Geography.2004，25(3): 251—268.

[49]Reid M.E.,LaHusen R.G.,Baum R.L.,et al.Real-time monitoring of landslides.U.S.Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012–3008.2012，1—4.

[50]杨建锋,万书勤.美国水文地质调查发展历程及启示.资源与产业.2007，9(1): 22～26.

[51]Wieczorek G.F.,Eaton L.S.,Morgan B.A.,et al.An examination of selected historical rainfall-inced debris-flow events within the central and southern Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009–1155.2009，1—25.

[52]Brennan S.T.,Burruss R.C.,Merrill M.D.,et al.A probabilistic assessment methodology for the evaluation of geologic carbon dioxide storage.U.S.Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010–1127.2010，1—31.

[53]Healy R.W.Simulating water,solute,and heat transport in the subsurface with the VS2DI software package.Vadose Zone Journal.2008，7(2): 632—639.

[54]Williams B.K.,Wingard G.L.,Brewer,et al.U.S.Geological Survey ecosystems science strategy—Advancing discovery and application through collaboration.Geological Survey Circular 1383–C.2013，1—43.

[55]Ferrero R.C.,Kolak J.J.,Bills D.J.,et al.U.S.Geological Survey energy and minerals science strategy—A resource lifecycle approach.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1383–D.2013，1—37.

[56]Bright P.R.,Buxton H.T.,Balistrieri L.S.,et al.U.S.Geological Survey environmental health science strategy—Providing environmental health science for a changing world.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1383–E.2013，1—43.

[57]Holmes R.R.,Jr.Jones L.M.,Eidenshink J.C.,et al.U.S.Geological Survey natural hazards science strategy— Promoting the safety,security,and economic well-being of the Nation.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1383–F.2013，1—79.

[58]Bristol R.S.,Euliss N.H.,Jr.Booth N.L.,et al.Geological Survey core science systems strategy—Characterizing,synthesizing,and understanding the critical zone through a molar science framework.U.S.Geological Survey Circular 1383–B.2013，1—33.

[59]Cunningham W.L.,Geiger L.H.,Karavitis G.A.U.S.Geological Survey ground-water climate response network.U.S.Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007–3003.2007，1—4.

[60]董联党,顾颖,王晓璐.欧盟环境政策体系与其实施机制对中国的借鉴.生态经济.2008，(1): 37～40.

[61]European Commission.Europe 2020: A strategy for smart,sustainable and inclusive growth.COM(2010)2020 final.2010，1—34.

[62]European Commission.Horizon 2020-the framework programme for research and innovation.COM(2011)808 final.2011，1—14.

[63]The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union.2013 Decision No 1386/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020‘Living well,within the limits of our planet’.Official Journal of the European Union.171—200.

[64]Demicheli L.,Delfini C.,Hunter W.EuroGeoSurveys,the Geological Surveys of Europe.In: Landslide science and practice,Volume 7: social and economic impact and policies.Edited by Margottini C.,Canuti P.,Sassa K.Springer.331—333.

[65]刘凤山,胡道功.欧美国家地质填图的理念、管理与战略.地质通报.2009，28(10): 1405～1410.

[66]Thomsen R.,·Søndergaard V.H.,·Sørensen K.I.Hydrogeological mapping as a basis for establishing site-specific groundwater protection zones in Denmark.Hydrogeology Journal.2004，12: 550—562.

[67]Commission of the European Communities.Groundwater resources of the European Community: synthetical report.Commission of the European Communities,Directorate-General for the environment,consumer protection and nuclear safety.Th.Schäfer GmbH,Hannover.1982，1—75.

[68]Cornu J.,Eme D.,Malard F.The distribution of groundwater habitats in Europe.Hydrogeology Journal.2013，21:949—960.

[69]Schulte-Braucks R.Observing the land beyond.International Innovation.April 2013，44—47.

[70]Quevauviller Ph.Groundwater monitoring in the context of EU legislation: reality and integration needs.Journal of Environmental Monitoring.2005，7: 89—102.

[71]Tuinstra J.,van Wensem J.Ecosystem services in sustainable groundwater management.Science of the Total Environment.2014，485–486: 798—803.

[72]Wendland F.,Blum A.,Coetsiers M.,et al.uropean aquifer typology: a practical framework for an overview of major groundwater composition at European scale.Environmental Geology.2008，55: 77—85.

[73]Hahn H.J.,Fuchs A.Distribution patterns of groundwater communities across aquifer types in south-western Germany.Freshwater Biology.2009，54: 848—860.

[74]Griebler C.,Stein H.,Kellermann C.,et al.Ecological assessment of groundwater ecosystems: vision or illusion.Ecological Engineering.2010，36: 1174—1190.

[75]Keuskamp J.A.,van Drecht G.,Bouwman A.F.European-scale modeling of groundwater denitrification and associated N2O proction.Environmental Pollution.2012，165: 67—76.

[76]Van Den Eeckhaut M.,Hervás J.State of the art of national landslide databases in Europe and their potential for assessing landslide susceptibility,hazard and risk.Geomorphology.2012，139–140: 545—558.

[77]张志勤.欧盟碳捕获及储存技术研发现状与发展趋势.全球科技经济瞭望.2012，27(10): 5～11.

[78]Thorleifson L.H.,Berg R.C.,Russell H.A.J.Geological mapping goes 3–D in response to societal needs.GSA Today.2010，20(8): 27—29.

[79]British Geological Survey.Gateway to the earth: science for the next decade.Swindon: Polaris House.2014，1—18.

7、有关SEM的一篇文献

表面机械抛光表面的影响充电能力的电子irradiatedPMMA在扫描电子显微镜。

8、求SEM方面权威英文文献

h

9、文献中的all data a represented as the mean ± sem是什么意思

all data a represented as the mean ± sem
词典结果
all data a represented as the mean ± sem
所有数据均为平均扫描电镜