新媒體營銷的外文文獻

1、新媒體的外文文獻求高人幫我搜一篇關於新媒體、傳統媒體雙贏融合的外文文獻，感謝鳥！！！！！急求啊！

你可以用英文搜狗一下，有可能有的
new media and traditional media

2、求與【廣告】有關的論文及其外文翻譯，高分啊

Advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of proct or service. 「While now central to the contemporary global economy and the reproction of global proction networks, it is only quite recently that advertising has been more than a marginal influence on patterns of sales and proction. The formation of modern advertising was intimately bound up with the emergence of new forms of monopoly capitalism around the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century as one element in corporate strategies to create, organize and where possible control markets, especially for mass proced consumer goods. Mass proction necessitated mass consumption, and this in turn required a certain homogenization of consumer tastes for final procts. At its limit, this involved seeking to create 『world cultural convergence』, to homogenize consumer tastes and engineer a 『convergence of lifestyle, culture and behaviors among consumer segments across the world』.」 [1]

Many advertisements are designed to generate increased consumption of those procts and services through the creation and reinvention of the "brand image" . For these purposes, advertisements sometimes embed their persuasive message with factual information. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including television, radio, cinema, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet, carrier bags and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company or other organization.[citation needed]

Organizations that frequently spend large sums of money on advertising that sells what is not, strictly speaking, a proct or service include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations, and military recruiters. Non-profit organizations are not typical advertising clients, and may rely on free modes of persuasion, such as public service announcements.[citation needed]

Money spent on advertising has increased dramatically in recent years. In 2007, spending on advertising has been estimated at over $150 billion in the United States[2] and $385 billion worldwide,[3] and the latter to exceed $450 billion by 2010.

While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs. Unsolicited Commercial Email and other forms of spam have become so prevalent as to have become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on internet service providers.[4] Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation.[5]

Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Mobile billboard advertising
1.2 Public service advertising
2 Types of advertising
2.1 Media
2.1.1 Covert advertising
2.1.2 Television commercials
2.1.3 Infomercials
2.1.4 Celebrities
2.1.5 Media and advertising approaches
3 Criticism of advertising
3.1 Hyper-commercialism and the commercial tidal wave
3.2 Advertising and constitutional rights
3.3 The price of attention and hidden costs
3.4 Influencing and conditioning
3.5 Dependency of the media and corporate censorship
3.6 The commercialisation of culture and sports
3.7 Occupation and commercialisation of public space
3.8 Socio-cultural aspects, sexism, discrimination and stereotyping
3.9 Children and adolescents as target groups
3.10 Opposition and campaigns against advertising
3.11 Taxation as revenue and control
4 Regulation
5 Future
5.1 Global advertising
5.2 Trends
6 Advertising research
7 See also
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links

[edit] History
Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indian rock art paintings that date back to 4000 BCE.[6]

As the towns and cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and the general populace was unable to read, signs that today would say cobbler, miller, tailor or blacksmith would use an image associated with their trade such as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a horse shoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables were sold in the city square from the backs of carts and wagons and their proprietors used street callers or town criers to announce their whereabouts for the convenience of the customers.

As ecation became an apparent need and reading, as well printing developed, advertising expanded to include handbills. In the 17th century advertisements started to appear in weekly newspapers in England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable with advances in the printing press; and medicines, which were increasingly sought after as disease ravaged Europe. However, false advertising and so-called "quack" advertisements became a problem, which ushered in the regulation of advertising content.

Edo period advertising flyer from 1806 for a traditional medicine called KinseitanAs the economy expanded ring the 19th century, advertising grew alongside. In the United States, the success of this advertising format eventually led to the growth of mail-order advertising.

In June 1836, French newspaper La Presse is the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its profitability and the formula was soon copied by all titles. Around 1840, Volney Palmer established a predecessor to advertising agencies in Boston.[7] Around the same time, in France, Charles-Louis Havas extended the services of his news agency, Havas to include advertisement brokerage, making it the first French group to organize. At first, agencies were brokers for advertisement space in newspapers. N. W. Ayer & Son was the first full-service agency to assume responsibility for advertising content. N.W. Ayer opened in 1869, and was located in Philadelphia.[7]

At the turn of the century, there were few career choices for women in business; however, advertising was one of the few. Since women were responsible for most of the purchasing done in their household, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of women's insight ring the creative process. In fact, the first American advertising to use a sexual sell was created by a woman – for a soap proct. Although tame by today's standards, the advertisement featured a couple with the message "The skin you love to touch".[8]

A print advertisement for the 1913 issue of the Encyclopædia BritannicaIn the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers and retailers who offered programs in order to sell more radios to consumers. As time passed, many non-profit organizations followed suit in setting up their own radio stations, and included: schools, clubs and civic groups.[9] When the practice of sponsoring programs was popularised, each indivial radio program was usually sponsored by a single business in exchange for a brief mention of the business' name at the beginning and end of the sponsored shows. However, radio station owners soon realised they could earn more money by selling sponsorship rights in small time allocations to multiple businesses throughout their radio station's broadcasts, rather than selling the sponsorship rights to single businesses per show.

This practice was carried over to television in the late 1940s and early 1950s. A fierce battle was fought between those seeking to commercialise the radio and people who argued that the radio spectrum should be considered a part of the commons – to be used only non-commercially and for the public good. The United Kingdom pursued a public funding model for the BBC, originally a private company, the British Broadcasting Company, but incorporated as a public body by Royal Charter in 1927. In Canada, advocates like Graham Spry were likewise able to persuade the federal government to adopt a public funding model, creating the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. However, in the United States, the capitalist model prevailed with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934 which created the Federal Communications Commission.[9] To placate the socialists, the U.S. Congress did require commercial broadcasters to operate in the "public interest, convenience, and necessity".[10] Public broadcasting now exists in the United States e to the 1967 Public Broadcasting Act which led to the Public Broadcasting Service and National Public Radio.

In the early 1950s, the DuMont Television Network began the modern trend of selling advertisement time to multiple sponsors. Previously, DuMont had trouble finding sponsors for many of their programs and compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This eventually became the standard for the commercial television instry in the United States. However, it was still a common practice to have single sponsor shows, such as The United States Steel Hour. In some instances the sponsors exercised great control over the content of the show - up to and including having one's advertising agency actually writing the show. The single sponsor model is much less prevalent now, a notable exception being the Hallmark Hall of Fame.

The 1960s saw advertising transform into a modern approach in which creativity was allowed to shine, procing unexpected messages that made advertisements more tempting to consumers' eyes. The Volkswagen ad campaign—featuring such headlines as "Think Small" and "Lemon" (which were used to describe the appearance of the car)—ushered in the era of modern advertising by promoting a "position" or "unique selling proposition" designed to associate each brand with a specific idea in the reader or viewer's mind. This period of American advertising is called the Creative Revolution and its archetype was William Bernbach who helped create the revolutionary Volkswagen ads among others. Some of the most creative and long-standing American advertising dates to this period.

Public advertising on Times Square, New York City.The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the introction of cable television and particularly MTV. Pioneering the concept of the music video, MTV ushered in a new type of advertising: the consumer tunes in for the advertising message, rather than it being a by-proct or afterthought. As cable and satellite television became increasingly prevalent, specialty channels emerged, including channels entirely devoted to advertising, such as QVC, Home Shopping Network, and ShopTV Canada.

Marketing through the Internet opened new frontiers for advertisers and contributed to the "dot-com" boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue, offering everything from coupons to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, a number of websites including the search engine Google, started a change in online advertising by emphasizing contextually relevant, unobtrusive ads intended to help, rather than inundate, users. This has led to a plethora of similar efforts and an increasing trend of interactive advertising.

The share of advertising spending relative to GDP has changed little across large changes in media. For example, in the U.S. in 1925, the main advertising media were newspapers, magazines, signs on streetcars, and outdoor posters. Advertising spending as a share of GDP was about 2.9 percent. By 1998, television and radio had become major advertising media. Nonetheless, advertising spending as a share of GDP was slightly lower—about 2.4 percent.[11]

A recent advertising innovation is "guerrilla marketing", which involve unusual approaches such as staged encounters in public places, giveaways of procts such as cars that are covered with brand messages, and interactive advertising where the viewer can respond to become part of the advertising message. This reflects an increasing trend of interactive and "embedded" ads, such as via proct placement, having consumers vote through text messages, and various innovations utilizing social network services such as MySpace.

[edit] Mobile billboard advertising

The RedEye newspaper advertised to its target market at North Avenue Beach with a sailboat billboard on Lake Michigan.Mobile billboards are truck- or blimp-mounted billboards or digital screens. These can be dedicated vehicles built solely for carrying advertisements along routes preselected by clients, or they can be specially-equipped cargo trucks. The billboards are often lighted; some being backlit, and others employing spotlights. Some billboard displays are static, while others change; for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set of advertisements.

Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:

Target advertising
One-day, and long-term campaigns
Conventions
Sporting events
Store openings and similar promotional events
Big advertisements from smaller companies
Others

[edit] Public service advertising
The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, ecate and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy conservation, religious recruitment, and deforestation.

Advertising, in its non-commercial guise, is a powerful ecational tool capable of reaching and motivating large audiences. "Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest - it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes." - Attributed to Howard Gossage by David Ogilvy.

Public service advertising, non-commercial advertising, public interest advertising, cause marketing, and social marketing are different terms for (or aspects of) the use of sophisticated advertising and marketing communications techniques (generally associated with commercial enterprise) on behalf of non-commercial, public interest issues and initiatives.

In the United States, the granting of television and radio licenses by the FCC is contingent upon the station broadcasting a certain amount of public service advertising. To meet these requirements, many broadcast stations in America air the bulk of their required public service announcements ring the late night or early morning when the smallest percentage of viewers are watching, leaving more day and prime time commercial slots available for high-paying advertisers.

Public service advertising reached its height ring World Wars I and II under the direction of several governments.

3、高分求5篇新媒體英語文獻

1. Atton, Chris "Reshaping Social Movement Media for a New Millennium." Social Movement Studies, 2, (2003)
2. Volkmer, Ingrid (1999) News in the Global Sphere. A Study of CNN and its impact on Global Communication, Luton: University of Luton Press.
3. Durham, M & Kellner, Douglas (2001) Media and Cultural Studies Keyworks, Malden, Ma and Oxford, UK, Blackwell Publishing
4. Lister, Martin, Dovey, Jon, Giddings, Seth. Grant, Iain. & Kelly, Kieran (2003) "New Media: A Critical Introction", London, Routledge
5. Manovich, Lev (2001) 'The Language of New Media' MIT Press, Cambridge and London
6. Schorr,A & Schenk,M & Campbell,W (2003),Communication Research and Media Science in Europe, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, pg. 57

4、市場營銷英文文獻翻譯成中文3000字

一、服務營銷。

現代經濟發展的一個顯著特徵是服務業的蓬勃發展，其在國民經濟中的地位愈來愈重要，服務營銷的重要性日益突出，中國已經加入WTO ,外資企業紛紛搶灘中國，中外服務市場營銷大戰將出現白熱化的態勢。現實經濟生活中的服務可以區分為兩大類。一種是服務產品，產品為顧客創造和提供的核心利益主要來自無形的服務。另一種是功能服務，產品的核心利益主要來自形成的成分，無形的服務只是滿足顧客的非主要需求。貝瑞認為，在產品的核心利益來源中，有形的成分比無形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「商品」（有形產品） ;如果無形的成分比有形的成分要多，那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「服務」。與服務的這種區分相一致，服務營銷的研究形成了兩大領域，即服務產品的營銷和顧客服務營銷。服務產品營銷的本質是研究如何促進作為產品的服務的交換；顧客服務營銷的本質則是研究如何利用服務作為一種營銷工具促進有形產品的交換。但是，無論是服務產品營銷，還是顧客服務營銷，服務營銷的核心理念都是顧客滿意和顧客忠誠，通過取得顧客的滿意和忠誠來促進相互有利的交換，最終實現營銷績效的改進和企業的長期成長。

First, services marketing.

Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.

二、網路營銷。

互聯網路是一種利用通訊線路，將全球電腦納入國際聯網的信息傳送系統必將是未來市場營銷最重要的渠道。網路營銷的特性包括；可24 小時隨時隨地地提供全球性營銷服務；電腦可儲存大量的信息，代消費者查詢，可傳送的信息數量與精確度，遠超過其他媒體；能因應市場需求，及時更新產品或調整價格；減少印刷與郵遞成本；且無店面租金，節約水電與人工成本；可避免推銷員強勢推銷的干擾；可經由信息提供與互動交談，與消費者建立長期良好的關系。互聯網路是一種功能最強大的營銷工具，它同時兼具渠道、促銷、電子交易、互動顧客服務以及市場信息分析與提供的多種功能。

它以聲光互動溝通的特質，作為跨越時空的媒體，已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外，它所具備的一對一營銷能力，正是符合[ 分眾營銷]與[ 直效營銷]的未來趨勢。 網路營銷可視為一種新興的營銷渠道，它並非一定要取代傳統的渠道，而是經由信息科技發展，來創新與重組營銷渠道。但不可否認的是，網路營銷必然會給傳統營銷造成沖擊，因此商業界必須要注意這種趨勢，並與軟體產業作密切的聯系與合作。以廣告業為例，在最新媒體時代，銷售是從開始到完成的一貫作業，就是說由吸引注意、引發興趣、造成購買欲、進行采購，一氣而成，而廣告公司將參與營銷的全程。商業企業也有必要改變傳統的組織形態，提升新媒體部門的功能，引進兼具營銷素養與電腦科技的人才，未來才能具備市場的競爭優勢。
Second, network marketing.

Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.

It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.

Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、綠色營銷。

所謂「綠色營銷」，是指社會和企業在充分意識到消費者日益提高的環保意識和由此產生的對清潔型無公害產品需要的基礎上，發現、創造並選擇市場機會，通過一系列理性化的營銷手段來滿足消費者以及社會生態環境發展的需要，實現可持續發展的過程。綠色營銷的核心是按照環保與生態原則來選擇和確定營銷組合的策略，是建立在綠色技術、綠色市場和綠色經濟基礎上的、對人類的生態關注給予回應的一種經營方式。目前，西方發達國家對於綠色產品的需求非常廣泛，而發展中國家由於資金和消費導向上和消費質量等原因，還無法真正實現對所有消費需求的綠化。以我國為例，目前只能對部分食品、家電產品、通訊產品等進行部分綠化；而發達國家已經通過各種途徑和手段，包括立法等，來推行和實現全部產品的綠色消費。從而培養了極為廣泛的市場需求基礎，為綠色營銷活動的開展打下了堅實的根基。以綠色食品為例，英國、德國綠色食品的需求完全不能自給，英國每年要進口該食品消費總量的80% ,德國則高達98%。這表明，綠色產品的市場潛力非常巨大，市場需求非常廣泛。

綠色營銷只是適應二十一世紀的消費需求而產生的一種新型營銷理念，也就是說，綠色營銷還不可能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎。因此，綠色營銷模式的制定和方案的選擇及相關資源的整合還無法也不能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎，可以說綠色營銷是在人們追求健康、安全、環保的意識形態下所發展起來的新的營銷方式和方法。現代企業只有樹立起一種全新的可持續發展營銷的經營理念，努力開展綠色營銷，開發綠色產品，進行綠色生產，才能和可持續發展潮流相適應。同時，企業還可進一步「導向消費者」，促成可持續消費模式的全面建立和實現，承擔起促進社會發展和生態環境發展的責任和義務，使企業的經濟效益、社會效益和環境效益相統一。

Third, green marketing.

The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.

Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .

5、求助，急需關於傳統媒體與新媒體的外文文獻，可以是紙媒，也可以是新媒體相關即可，最好中英文，多謝~

外文文獻有，翻譯沒有，翻譯得靠你自己了，如果需要直接百度Hi中留言同時貼出問題的鏈接地址和郵箱地址即可，希望能滿足你的需要，能幫到你，並請及時知道評價，多多給點懸賞分吧，急用的話請多選賞點分吧，這樣更多的知友才會及時幫到你，我找到也是很花時間的，並請及時採納

6、有大神知道新媒體運營這個職位的英文翻譯是什麼么

new media operation 新媒體運營
new media operation manager 新媒體運營經理